What is R290 (Propane)?

R290 is a natural refrigerant that has been gaining significant attention within the commercial heat pump sector.

As regulatory bodies tighten restrictions on synthetic F-Gas refrigerants with high Global Warming Potential (GWP), industries are increasingly turning to natural alternatives that offer both environmental and economic advantages.

R290, with its exceptionally low GWP of just 3, is gaining traction in the UK for adoption in heating and cooling applications. In addition to its relatively low environmental impact, R290 is a non-toxic refrigerant that is widely available and cost-effective, making it a practical and sustainable solution for commercial enterprises seeking to future-proof their heating systems.

The increasing popularity of R290 can be largely attributed to the global drive to phase out high-GWP refrigerants through stringent legislative frameworks across the UK and EU. This shift has been further accelerated by the recognition of climate change and the necessity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

R290 provides a tangible pathway towards sustainability by offering a natural and energy-efficient alternative to conventional refrigerants. Moreover, its capacity to deliver hot water temperatures of up to 70°C makes it highly suitable for a diverse range of commercial applications, including district heating, industrial processes, and large-scale domestic heating systems.

The operational efficiency of R290-based heat pumps ensures that businesses can maintain high levels of performance while significantly reducing their environmental footprint.

The installation of R290 heat pumps requires careful consideration due to the refrigerant’s classification as an ASHRAE A3 substance, indicating a high potential for flammability. Safety precautions are paramount in the deployment of R290-based systems, necessitating strict adherence to industry regulations and best practices.

At Cooltherm, all R290 heat pumps are installed outdoors in designated areas that are secured and restricted to authorised personnel. This measure minimises potential hazards and ensures that systems are compliant with the EN 378, which provides detailed safety requirements for the installation of cooling systems and heat pumps.

A critical aspect of compliance involves ensuring that any potential refrigerant leaks do not re-enter the building’s ventilation system. Proper dispersion of leaked refrigerant is crucial to mitigating risks, making the strategic placement of installations an essential component of system design.

Despite its advantages, the implementation of R290 technology necessitates a thorough understanding of its technical requirements and operational characteristics. One of the primary considerations is its flammability, which demands rigorous safety measures throughout the lifecycle of the system, from installation to maintenance.

Engineers and technicians must be adequately trained to handle R290, ensuring that all procedures are conducted with the highest levels of caution. Another factor to consider is the pressure conditions under which R290 operates. The refrigerant’s pressure characteristics necessitate precise system design and careful management to optimise performance and longevity. Additionally, regulations impose a maximum charge limit of twenty-five kilograms per system, which influences the scale and application suitability of R290-based heat pumps. These constraints highlight the necessity of expert knowledge and meticulous planning when integrating R290 into commercial heating solutions.

Cooltherm has established itself as a leading authority in the deployment of R290 heat pumps in the United Kingdom. With extensive expertise in chiller and heat pump technologies, the company is uniquely positioned to guide clients through the complexities of adopting R290 systems. From initial specification to final installation, Cooltherm ensures that every project adheres to the highest safety standards while delivering optimal performance and efficiency.

As the industry continues to evolve in response to environmental and regulatory pressures, R290 represents a forward-thinking choice for businesses committed to sustainability.

For organisations seeking to transition to low-GWP heating solutions, Cooltherm offers comprehensive support and technical excellence to facilitate the seamless adoption of R290 heat pumps.

Learn more about R290 heat pumps by visiting our page, or contact us directly for a selection.

Cooltherm offer a CPD course that goes into greater detail about the current legislative framework surrounding heat pump refrigerants. Click here to learn more and book time with a Cooltherm expert.